What triggers an increase in respiratory rate during respiratory compromise?

An increase in respiratory rate during respiratory compromise is primarily triggered by an elevation in carbon dioxide levels in the blood. This condition, known as hypercapnia, occurs when there is inadequate ventilation, leading to a buildup of carbon dioxide. The body recognizes this excess carbon dioxide through chemoreceptors located in the brainstem and peripheral arteries, which respond by stimulating the respiratory centers to increase the rate and depth of breathing. This physiological response aims to expel the accumulated carbon dioxide and restore homeostasis.

While decreases in oxygen levels and blood pH can also influence respiratory rates, the immediate and most potent drive for increased respiration is generally due to heightened carbon dioxide concentrations. Physical activity levels can affect respiratory rate as well, but in the context of respiratory compromise, the direct chemical changes in the blood—particularly from carbon dioxide—are the critical factors driving the response.