What is contained within the mediastinum?

The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, bordered by the lungs on either side. It contains key structures vital for cardiovascular function and respiratory support. The heart and major vessels, such as the aorta, pulmonary arteries, and veins, are located within this area. This compartment also includes the esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, and important nerves. Understanding the functions and locations of these structures is crucial for recognizing their roles in the body's physiology and potential pathophysiology.

In contrast, the lungs and bronchi are not situated in the mediastinum but rather in the pleural cavities, with the lungs being the key organs of respiration. Vocal cords and trachea are related to the airway systems and are situated above the mediastinum in the neck region. Likewise, alveoli and capillaries pertain specifically to the respiratory system at the level of gas exchange within the lungs, which are also not located in the mediastinum. Thus, the correct identification of the heart and major vessels as part of the mediastinal structures emphasizes its significance in both cardiovascular and respiratory anatomy.